The preservation of sound river water quality is important from the viewpoint of the effective usage of water resoarcesand health of aquatic ecosystem. So far, water quality management in normal situation has become success inimprovement of BOD and DO in many Japanese rivers thanks to stringent discharge regulation, development of seweragesystems and other relevant eiForts in watersheds. However, the risk of water pollution still exists in unusual situation. Thenumber of accidental spills in the watershed has recently increased to large extent, which results in stoppage of abstractionin water supply. Therefore, attention and countermeasures of such accidental spills are also quite important in waterpollution control. The aims of this paper are first to state the overview of accidental spills in Japanese rivers and emergency response by3apanese river administrators. Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport, as the major river administrator ,and PublicWorks Research Institute (PWRI) jointly examined the present technology of countermeasure for the accidental spills in山e rivers and discussed their future direction. Therefore, their summary will be described in this paper. Further, among the perspective technologies we focused the on-line biosensor immobilized with nitri行ing bacteriadeveloped by PWRI that can detect various toxic chemicals within 10 minutes at lethal concenvatian for 48-hour in carp.
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