EXAMPLES OF TYPICAL DEFECTS IN THE REQUEST AND CORRECTIONS THEREOF

摘要

Disclosed herein are gas diffusion layers (GDLs) for electrochemical devices which have increased surface area for hosting catalysts or contacting a catalyst layer. GDLs with engineered surface roughness increase the effective diffusivities of gas phase reactants in electrochemical devices (e.g., PEMFCs). Also disclosed herein are gas diffusion electrodes, membrane electrode assemblies, and fuel cells comprising GDLs with increased surface area. Also disclosed herein are methods of manufacturing GDLs with increased surface area, as well as gas diffusion electrodes and membrane electrode assemblies comprising GDLs with increased surface area.