Disclosed is a channel-based crop root phenotype acquisition system. The system comprises an acquisition mechanism (3) for photographing images of crop roots on the left side and the right side of a channel; and a carrying frame (1) for carrying the acquisition mechanism (3) and being capable of sliding in the length direction of the channel. The acquisition mechanism (3) is arranged inside the carrying frame (1), cameras (3-1, 3-6) in the acquisition mechanism (3) are arranged in U-shaped shading plates (3-3, 3-5) in the same direction in pairs, light bars (1-2) which are fitted on the left side and the right side of the carrying frame (1) are used for clearly and comprehensively acquiring the images of the crop roots, such that complete crop root phenotypes can be observed at multiple angles and in all directions in real time. The carrying frame (1) drives the acquisition mechanism (3) to freely slide on a track in the length direction of the channel and allows for fully-automatic photographing, and the degree of automation is high. The acquisition mechanism (3) is integrated with the carrying frame (1), the system structure is light and simple, and the requirement of high-throughput monitoring of crop root phenotypes is met. The system does not need to be embedded into soil below the ground, thereby prolonging the service life of an apparatus and improving the observation accuracy.
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