Provided are a multichannel acquisition system for field crop root system phenotypes, and an installation method therefor. The multichannel acquisition system comprises root system test channels, glass windows arranged on the root system test channels, and root canals and monitors that are arranged between the root system test channels. According to the present invention, the monitors are driven to horizontally operate underground in a crop root system growth area along the root canals, so that the distribution condition of crop root systems within the 360-degree range of each root canal is obtained by means of an endoscopic photography manner. In the present invention, in the state closest to nature, field crop root system phenotypes can be acquired and analyzed by means of a multichannel root canal monitoring system, such that the problems of it not being possible for an existing root system monitoring device to perform large-scale field experiments and accurately and automatically acquire and analyze crop root system phenotypes are solved.
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