A field crop root phenotype acquisition system, comprising a first-direction root phenotype acquisition subsystem and a second-direction root phenotype acquisition subsystem which are perpendicular to each other. The first-direction root phenotype acquisition subsystem can directly acquire overall phenotype data of crop root systems in a root window monitoring mode. The root phenotype in the second direction can be obtained by means of a root canal system, a root canal (2) is buried in the ground at different depths, phenotype data of 360 degrees near the crop root system at the depth can be completely obtained, and the detail structure of the crop root system can be conveniently and accurately sampled at different dimensions. The root canal (2) is slightly affected by the outside, and data and images of soil moisture and temperature of various plant root systems and growth parameters of crop root systems can be dynamically collected in real time in an all-weather mode.
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