The present invention relates to a urine exosome-derived miRNA gene biomarker and its use for diagnosis of antibody-mediated rejection after kidney transplantation, and more particularly, antibody-mediated rejection (ABMR) after kidney transplantation. It relates to a biomarker, a composition for diagnosing an antibody-mediated rejection reaction, a kit, a method for providing information for diagnosis of an antibody-mediated rejection reaction using the same, and a screening method for an antibody-mediated rejection treatment agent.
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