Means and Methods for Synchronizing Optical Effects of Cinematographs and Acoustical Effects of Phonographs and the like.

摘要

134,357. Hopkins, E. S. Nov. 12, 1918. Combined working of phonographs with kinematographs; cylinder records. - Picture films and associated sound re. cords for simultaneous repro. duction are produced by taking the films and records from separate enactments of a scene (or by using non-synchronous machines for a single enactment), and subsequently inserting or omitting portions of the film and record so as to produce synchronism. Fig. 1 shows a portion of a film 1 - - 12 and the corresponding sound record 13, 14 of a beil 30 rung by a clapper 31. The Figure shows the sound-waves 15 in advance of the picture 5 in which the bell is struck, and this error is corrected by removing one of the preceding pictures, say 3, and inserting an extra picture or blank between 6 and 10, so that the picture showing the next ringing of the bell may not be displaced. Alternatively, the sound record may be redistributed to bring it into synchronism with the picture film, or both methods may be adopted. The omissions and insertions of the sound record are preferably made at soundless portions of the record, and, in the case of a tape record, a.e effected by cutting and splicing. When a cylindrical record is used, the record is built up of disks 81 - - 91, Fig. 10, each of which has a helical groove of one or more turns joining up with the grooves on the adjacent disks. Selected disks may be removed or inserted to synchronize the record with a picture film. The operation necessary for synchronizing are preferably effected on the " master " sound record, and on the negative picture film, before duplicating the records and printing the positive films. It is preferred to synchronize the record and film by removing sections from the film, and, with this object, the camera during exposure is run at an accelerated speed to provide a margin of spare pictures. The spare pictures may be omitted in the operation of printing the positive film from the negative, and, if necessary, some of the negative pictures may be printed more than once on the positive film. Films may be synchronized with mechanical musical records in the same way as with phonograph records.