Aliphatic, aromatic and heterocyclic L-amino acids prodn. - from synthetic N-acyl-DL amino acids by selective hydrolysis with fungi

摘要

In the prodn. of aliphatic, aromatic and heterocyclic L-amino acids (I), which can also have functional substits. in the chain or the ring, N-acyl-DL-amino acids (II) (in which the acyl gp. can be a HCO-, CH3CO-, ClCH2O-, CF3CO-, PhCO-, nitrobenzoyl, hippuryl, carbobenzoyglycyl or carbobenzoxyl gp.), produced by chemical synthesis, are hydrolysed in dil. aq. medium in the presence of acid acceptors and preservatives with fresh or dried fruit bodies and/or stalks of higher fungi, e.g. Basidiomycetes and/or Ascomycetes, or with enriched acylases obtd. from the fresh or dried fungi at temps. of 30-40 degrees C for several hours to a few days; (I) are isolated in the conventional manner, e.g. by crystallisation, pptn. or chromatographic methods; and the remaining unhydrolysed N-acyl-D-amino acids (III) are isolated and racemised and recycled or deacylated to D-amino acids (IV). (I), esp. the essential amino acids L-phenylalanine, L-tryptophan, L-methionine, L-lysine etc., are of great economic importance and are widely used in the foodstuffs industry, human medicine and animal rearing. Special (I) which are not naturally occurring are used in microbiology, genetics (psycho)pharmacology, cancer research and tissue culture and certain (I) and (IV) are used for the synthesis of penicillins or as receptors in affinity chromatography. The fruit bodies of higher fungi contain highly active and extremely stable enzymes which liberate free (I) specifically from (II).