A process for preparing iron-based catalysts for the synthesis of ammonia by melting of magnetite along with metal oxides as promoters, subsequent cooling of the molten mass and reduction thereof to the desired size, wherein the abovesaid cooling occurs at a rate higher than 25 DEG C./min., preferably ranging from 100 DEG C. to 1600 DEG C./min., at a temperature ranging from 1700 DEG C. to 700 DEG C. The present invention relates to a process for preparing iron-based catalysts having a high activity in the ammonia synthesis, and to the catalyst so obtained.
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