A method for sensitive and specific assay for the detection by luminescence of reporter groups bound to a carrier matrix and smaller than 10,000 daltons, comprising contacting such reporter groups with a detector complex comprising a first component having a high specific affinity for the reporter group in question, and a second component which can be coupled easily to a light emitting system, to produce a high affinity binding between the complex and detecting the immobilized reporter group. The amount of bound detector complex is determined by a coupled reaction to luminescence. The emitted light was quantified by a member comprising a luminometer, a light-sensitive film or a charge coupled device sensitive to light; the amount of light provides a measure of reporter groups bound to the carrier matrix. In one embodiment, the analysis method can control interactions following which the reporter groups are immobilized. Also disclosed are reagents used in carrying out the method.
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