An optical system for x-rays combines at least two spherical or near spherical mirrors for each dimension in grazing incidence orientation to provide the functions of a lens in the x-ray region. To focus x-ray radiation in both the X and the Y dimensions, one of the mirrors (30) focusses the X dimension, a second mirror (32) focusses the Y direction, a third mirror (34) corrects the X dimension by removing comatic aberration, and a fourth mirror (36) corrects the Y dimension. Spherical aberration may also be removed for an even better focus. The order of the mirrors is unimportant.
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