METHOD FOR POWER GENERATION, COMBINED GAS TURBINE POWER SYSTEM THEREFOR, GAS TURBINE AND METHOD FOR ADAPTING GAS TURBINES TO OPERATION USING CATALYTIC PARTIAL FUEL OXIDATION

摘要

1. A process for generating energy according to which gas is fed into a catalytic reactor (107) in which the gas is subjected to a reaction of partial oxidation in the presence of gas, comprising oxygen and steam, and oxidized gas effluent from the catalytic reactor drives a power turbine, characterized in that the reaction of the partial oxidation is carried out in the presence of the gas, comprising oxygen in a hypostoichiometric amount and the steam in the presence of a predetermined amount of hydrogen as an agent, initiating said reaction. 2. A process of claim 1, characterized in that the hydrogen is added in an amount, determined by three molar ratios, defined by the following expressions: R1=O2/C; R2=H2O/C; R3=H2/C in which molar ratios have predetermined values, selected in intervals 0,55-0,75; 0,8-1,4 and 0,03-0,15 accordingly. 3. A process of claim 2, characterized in that the molar ratio according to expression H2O/C downstream said reactor (107) is selected in an interval 1,5-2, preferably close to 2. 4. A process of claim 2 or 3, characterized in that the hydrogen is supplied from the system by a recycling part of the effluent from the reactor (107) and the combustible mixture is preliminary mixed with steam. 5. A process of claims 2, 3 or 4, characterized in that the hydrogen is supplied from a combination of said gas turbine of the partial oxidation and the reactor (107), which provides indirect heat exchange with the effluent gases (109) of the power turbine (104). 6. A process of any preceding claim, characterized in that the reaction of the partial oxidation is carried out in the presence of multi-layer catalytic mass, comprising at least a first inactive layer and a second active layer. 7. A process of claim 6, characterized in that the active layer consists of sub-layers, comprising materials of different nature and/or different and/or different concentration. 8. A process of claim 6, characterized in that the active layer is arranged on a support from heat-proof material. 9. A process of any preceding claim, characterized in that the substances being used in the reaction are preliminary heated to a temperature between 400 degree C and 500 degree C. 10. A system for generating energy of any preceding claim, comprising a gas compressor (101), a catalytic reactor (107) for production of high-temperature combustible gas by the partial oxidation of gaseous fuel, using gas, compressed in said gas compressor, in the presence of steam and an expansion turbine driven by said combustible gas, characterized in that said catalytic reactor comprises multi-layer catalytic mass (170), comprising at least one inactive (171) and one active (170) layers. 11. The system of claim 10, characterized in that the active layer consists of sub-layers, comprising materials of different nature and/or different and/or different concentration. 12. The system of claim 10 or 11, characterized in that a catalytic coating is applied on the blades of the expansion turbine (103). 13. The system of claim 10 or 11, characterized in that said catalyst is provided with a support (175). 14. The system of claim 13, characterized in that said support has a cellular structure. 15. The system of claim 13 or 14, characterized in that said catalyst comprises active materials, consisting of platinum and zirconium oxide, assisting the reaction, including the partial oxidation of the combustible fuel by steam, and air or gases ejecting from the high-pressure gas turbine, adjacent to said partial oxidation reactor. 16. The system of claim 13 or 14, characterized in that said catalyst comprises an active material, which is nickel on the support from activated alumina. 17. The system of claim 13 or 14, characterized in that said catalyst comprises an active material, which is an alloy of platinum and rhodium in the form of successive grills. 18. The system of claim 13 or 14, characterized in that heat-resisting metals are used as a material for the support. 19. The system of claim 18, characterized in that a nickel-chrome alloy is used as a heat-resisting material. 20. The system of claims 16 to 19, characterized in that said supports consists of a material with an addition of metal oxides. 21. The system of claim 16 or 17, characterized in that said support of the catalyst is made based on inorganic polymers with an active material, deposited on Pt-ZrO2. 22. The system of claim 21, characterized in that catalytic module consisting of a catalyst or catalysts (171, 172) and said support is substantially cylindrical and has a cellular structure. 23. The system of claims 10 to 22, characterized in that said reactor comprises a filter (8) upstream the catalyst. 24. The system of claim 23, characterized in that said filter is removable. 25. The system of claim 24, characterized in that comprises an ejecto-suppressors (106, 206, 306), provided in corresponding cases with a gas distributor in said inactive layer (171) with a fixed support, wherein the second layer (172) consists of the partial oxidation catalyst. 26. The system of claim 25, characterized in that said ejecto-suppressor mixer (106) is biconic. 27. The system of claim 26, characterized in that said partial oxidation reactor (107) is embedded into a gas turbine of an aviation type, suitable for carrying out the partial oxidation. 28. The system of claim 27, characterized in that said reactor (107) is substantially cylindrical, arranged horizontally and comprises metal grills, preferably made of platinum. 29. The system of claims 10 to 26, characterized in that said reactor (107) is substantially cylindrical, arranged horizontally and comprises a section of greater diameter, comprising a free partial oxidation catalyst, maintained by the grills. 30. The system of claims 10 to 24, characterized in that said reactor (207) is applied in an industrial gas turbine, in which said reactor (207) is substantially cylindrical and arranged along the periphery of the gas turbine. 31. The system of claim 30, characterized in that said reactor, adapted to the turbine, is designed in the form of a silo, on the top surface of which an ejecto-suppressor is mounted, and in the cylindrical silo a catalyst is housed. 32. The system of claim 31, characterized in that a perpendicular silo is cylindrical and provided with a burner (220) arranged over the layer of the partial oxidation catalysts. 33. The system of claims 10 to 26, characterized in that said partial oxidation reactor (307) is adapted to a specially designed gas turbines, operating under high-pressure conditions. 34. The system of claim 33, characterized in that said ejecto-suppressor has a radial form and comprises an annular injector of the combustible gas. 35. The system of claim 34, characterized in that said ejecto-suppressor in its longitudinal section is rounded in a narrowing zone. 36. The system of claims 25 to 34, characterized in that said ejecto-suppressor consists of the module, type Venturi tube, with a substantially radial profile of the peripheral surface and with feed via said toroidal injector (15). 37. The system of claims 10 to 36, characterized in that there is a reactor initiator at the inlet of said catalytic reactor (107, 207, 307). 38. The system of claim 37, characterized in that said initiator is hydrogen in a predetermined amount. 39. The system of claims 10 to 38, characterized in that comprises means for regulation of different flowing agents, namely air, fuel and steam, wherein said agents can register the temperature and pressure parameters in a real scale time and enable to adapt in a continuous mode to the thermodynamic characteristics of reactions of the partial oxidation and function in accordance of the reactor mathematical model, thus providing regulation of the different flowing agents under any operation conditions based on the modeling in a real scale time. 40. The system of claims 10 to 39, characterized in that comprises: an air compressor (310), having at least two stages (311, 312) with intermediate cooling (315) by reaction water (W) injection, wherein the compressor is designed to supply pressurized air (3-6 MPa), a partial oxidation catalytic reactor (307) designed to feed into it said air, steam and fuel to form combustible gas at a regulated high temperature, a turbine (303), adapted for providing expansion and burning the combustible gas, comprising: a stator and a rotor, the blades of which (131, 314) are designed with an inner cooling by injecting said air, inner ducts (340, 360) and outer ducts (380) supplying the cooling air from said air compressor to the blades of said stator and rotor accordingly with further feeding the cooling air into the turbine (303) to form combustible gas for burning in a regime close to isometric. 41. A process for adapting gas turbines of the aviation type, in particular in the system of claim 27, characterized in that comprises the partial oxidation reactor (107) followed downstream the high-pressure turbine (103), said reactor (107) comprises the ejecto-suppressor (106) and the catalyst (170), to which pressurized gas fuel is fed, gas from the turbine (103), arranged upstream said reactor, and the steam thus forming combustible gas, which is fed into the power turbine (104), wherein the effluent gas from high-temperature power turbine serves for burning at a secondary thermal utilization. 42. A process for adapting industrial gas turbines of any type for the operation in the regime of the partial oxidation, characterized in that a partial oxidation reactor (207) is used instead of combustion chambers, wherein the reactor comprises the ejecto-suppressor (206) and a catalyst (270), to which pressurized steam and fuel are fed, as well as air from the compressor (201). 43. A process of claim 41, characterized in that the active gas from the reactor (107) is fed into the expansion turbine, which generates power needed to drive