Thermolysis process for animal flours and or organic materials and/or vegetable matter, comprises simultaneously subjecting material to catalyst, microwaves, pressure and heat

摘要

A material is reduced to granules and plunged into a liquid bath during its thermolysis. It is simultaneously subject to a catalyst, microwaves, pressure and heat. The bath contains a heavy fuel and/or other hydrocarbon, the microwaves have a frequency of 2450 MHz and the pressure is 10 bar. The thermolysis produces a condensate which is an oil which can be and is diluted in the bath. The thermolysis takes place in a reactor to produce a gas that can be condensed by simple cooling, a non-condensible fraction, particles of carbon, a fraction of sulfur elements and other water-soluble components. In addition the process includes producing the granules from the original material, treating the material from the thermolysis, ensuring the calorific autarky of the process and ensuring the environmental cleanness of the transformation process. The granules are formed by a slubbing device fitted with a granulator. The mixture is dehydrated and degasified in a dehydrator which heats the original material to a temperature above the boiling point of water, mixes the material, extracts the vapors produced and compensates for the level drop by adding material from downstream of the dehydrator. The products from the reactor are washed with water downstream of the reactor to dissolve the water-soluble fractions and the mixture is decanted into a centrifuge to separate the solid fraction and the water. These fractions are then evaporated to produce dry carbon (coke), a desulfurated heavy fuel/dehydrated oil mixture, distilled water and other dry residue including sulfur compounds. An independent claim is also included for a reactor for carrying out the above process, which is a square or rectangular tube in shape, with the dimensions of the square or rectangle being the same as or a multiple of the wavelength of the microwaves being used to form a wave guide for the reactor. The tube has magnetrons placed along it and quartz windows set into openings which are sealed to the bath but transparent to microwaves. Chicanes in the tube are also transparent to microwaves and the inside of the tube is coated in platinum by electrolytic deposit. The flour and/or organic material and/or vegetable matter is/are introduced into the bottom of the vertical tube and the outlet from the reactor is at the top.