MEASUREMENT OF CONTAMINANT COMPONENTS IN EXHAUST GAS AND REDUCTION OF EXCESSIVE CONTAMINANT EMISSIONS DURING COLD STARTS AND WHILE DRIVING

摘要

1. A method for monitoring malfunctions in a vehicle and a system of subsequent treating exhaust gases with a catalytic converter of exhaust gases by measuring pollutants in the exhaust gases of motor vehicles, wherein the concentration of gas substances, such as hydrocarbons (HS), carbon monoxides (CO) and nitrogen oxides (NO) during the cold-start period is established by means of an analysing device for gases, characterized in that - maximum quantity of the substance to be established - the time of the cold-start period - the temporal position of the emission maximum after the start being regarded as characteristic parameter for assessing the emission characteristics of the vehicle, wherein each vehicle will be repeatedly subjected to the cold-start period during quality control in the factory or in the specialist workshop, and the resulting data of the characteristic parameters established during the test while all exhaust-gas related factors were in proper operating conditions and calculated as statistical mean value will be stored in the on-board measuring and control system in which parameters established during every new cold-start action will be compared to the stored parameters whereby the external conditions shall relate to standardised conditions and any undesired and standard-exceeding changes shall trigger a warning signal. 2. The method for measuring pollutants in the exhaust gases of motor vehicles of Claim 1, characterized in that the starting action is, for the purpose of optimal adjustment of the characteristic parameters, automatically controlled by the on-board measuring and control system, ensuring a uniform controlled starting action under best possible conditions which allows for permanent comparison, thereby taking into account the most important environmental parameters such as outside temperature, air pressure, humidity, wind direction, wind force and ice formation, so as to ensure optimal adjustment of the characteristic parameters during the starting process. 3. The method for measuring pollutants in the exhaust gases of motor vehicles of Claims 1 and 2, characterized in that artificially and purposefully generated malfunctions in the vehicle, which cause a defined and known increase of the pollutant concentration, are predefined in a model setting, monitored and evaluated using the characteristic parameters due to which the high concentrations occurring behind the combustion system are diluted and the lower concentrations behind the catalytic converter are measured undiluted, the two series of values obtained before and after the catalytic converter are compared which each other, using the characteristic parameters.