Measurement of contaminant components in exhaust gas and reduction of excessive contaminant emissions during cold starts and while driving

摘要

The invention relates primarily to the monitoring of emissions by motor vehicles, but also to those generated by ships, aircraft and diesel locomotives. The monitoring system can be built into new motor vehicles by the manufacturer or, in the case of older vehicles, be fitted by the driver. Monitoring low-emission motor vehicles is difficult since different influences cause the measuring signal to fluctuate widely. The largest share of emissions occurs during the cold-start phase. Motor vehicles are fitted with an automatic starting system which by observing different parameters ensures an optimal start. While the vehicle is driving artificial errors are generated in the combustion system and the raised contaminant concentration is detected by the on-board monitoring system. An adsorption system reduces contaminant emission during the cold-start phase, in the case of engine- or exhaust gas treatment-related errors as well as in the event of severe air pollution. To regenerate the adsorption masses the contaminants are desorbed, fed back to the combustion chamber and burned.