PURPOSE: To provide a process for cheaply producing a nano carbon material such as a carbon nanotube, diamond or fullerene, which is able to be applied to various industrial fields. CONSTITUTION: The process comprises steps of (a) mixing at least one compound composed of a carbon element and a hydrogen element selected from Group A consisting of linear saturated hydrocarbons, linear unsaturated hydrocarbons, cyclic saturated hydrocarbons, aromatic hydrocarbons, alcohols and ethers with at least one oxygen-element-containing substance selected from Group B consisting of methanol, ethanol, acetone, acetaldehyde, ethylene oxide, ethylene glycol, formaldehyde, water, hydrogen peroxide, oxygen and nitrous oxide; and (b) causing the mixture to coexist with a supercritical fluid or subcritical fluid within a temperature range of from 300 to 800 deg.C under a pressure of from 2 to 60 MPa.
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