METHOD FOR CONTROLLING OF PRODUCTIVE PROCESSES ON CULTIVATION OF WINTER CEREAL CROPS UNDER DRY CLIMATE CONDITIONS

摘要

FIELD: agriculture. SUBSTANCE: method involves optimizing sowing time and rate, as well as sowing methods; determining by means of respective instruments total average daily positive temperatures within the range of 550-650 C for 45-60 days beginning from sowing time to growing period expiration time; forming in each tillering node three or four stems with saccharide content sufficient for imparting to plants resistance to negative temperatures in the range of from -18 C to -20 C during snowless periods; with falling out of plants before harvesting period taken into account, forming normalized planting density of stems of 500-600 pcs/sq.m on black soil and 300-450 pcs/sq.m on chestnut soils by sowing certified seeds at seeding rate of (3,5 and 4,0)•10⁶ pcs/hectare and sowing time of from 25.08 to 0.5.09 on dark chestnut soil in dry steppe zone; reducing seeding rate to (3,0-3,5)•10⁶ pcs/hectare and shifting sowing time from 01.09 to 10.09, when winter crops are cultivated on chestnut soils in dry steppe zone; further reducing cereals to (2,5-3,0)•10⁶ pcs/hectare during sowing period of from 01.09 to 10.09 on light-chestnut soil in semi-arid zone; keeping soil temperature mode of 18 C to 12 C in all zones during sowing period; calculating hydrothermal coefficient value G in current year; with G_s0,5, reducing seeding rate by 10-15% of said values; with G_s within the range of 0.5-0.9, keeping seeding rate on the base of mentioned data for described zones and soil conditions; with G_s0,9, increasing seeding rate by 20-25%. On increasing seeding rate, spacing width is reduced from 22.5 cm to 7.5 cm while utilizing photosynthetic active radiation to maximum extent for increasing protein content and retaining of gluten. Planned cereal crops productivity is determined from formula: y = a•S•G_s+b, where y id grain yield, t/hectare; a and b are digital parameters; S is actual total of positive temperatures ranging from sowing time to growing period expiration time, C; G_s is hydrothermal coefficient, mm/ C. EFFECT: increased efficiency in productivity control on the basis of yield and grain quality forecasting and evaluation of effectiveness of agronomical measures and accomplishment time. 1 dwg, 5 tbl