METHOD FOR EVALUATING POTENTIAL PRODUCTIVITY OF FARM CROPS, IN PARTICULAR WINTER CEREAL EAR CROPS, IN CULTIVATION UNDER CLEARLY DEFINED CONTINENTAL CLIMATE CONDITIONS

摘要

FIELD: agriculture, in particular, forecasting of cereal yield and quality, as well as evaluation of effectiveness of agronomic practices and terms.;SUBSTANCE: method involves optimizing sowing terms and correcting seeding norms and sowing methods by initially determining from average data total daily temperatures in the range of 526-694⁰C; setting on the basis of resultant value the time for initiating seed sowing procedure, which is not earlier than 66 days but not later than 44 days from sowing time to time of termination of growing period, with correctness of selected time of sowing seeds being based on availability of three-four stems on each tillering node and sufficient stock of sugar to provide for plant resistance to negative temperatures in the range of 18-20⁰C; on the basis of calculations, setting hydrothermal coefficient value, with hydrothermal coefficient value of up to 0.5, reducing seeding norm by 10-15%; setting spacing width of 22.5 cm; keeping seeding norm with hydrothermal coefficient value of 0.5-0.9, with spacing width making 15 cm; increasing seeding norm by 20-25% at designed hydrothermal coefficient value exceeding 0.9, with spacing width making 7.5 cm, when row sowing method is practiced. With the same winter crop yield, protein content is increased by 2.8-3.0% and gluten content is increased by 6.7-8.4%. Potential yield is set from expression: y=c₁·sn·sd^-2+c₂·t·d^-1,+c₃·w^-1, where y is expected yield, kg/hectare; sn is seeding norm, pcs/hectare; t is total of positive temperatures from sowing date to stable negative temperatures, ⁰C; w is spacing width, m; sd is sowing duration in days with regard to recommended terms, days; c₁ is proportionality coefficient including sort qualities of each seed in accumulated grain mass, c₁=(0.6-0.8)·10^-3 (kg·day²)/pcs; c₂ is proportionality coefficient including effect of temperature mode upon formation of plant root system, c₂=(0.0512-0.0934)·10⁴ kg·day/(⁰C·m²); c₃ proportionality coefficient including location of plants on field surface, c₃=(0.00007-0.00015)·10⁴, kg/m. With stable soil moisture stock in sown layer of 0-12 cm, method provides for reliability of 0.90-0.95 of designed yield next year. Protein content of grain has increased by 2.8-3.1% and gluten content has increased by 6.7-8.4%.;EFFECT: increased efficiency and improved yield.;2 dwg, 6 tbl, 4 ex