A vaccine formulation for the prevention or amelioration of HIV infection in humans is provided. The vaccine comprises an HIV antigen, especially a protein which comprises Nef and/or Tat of HIV, and an immunostimulatory CpG oligonucleotide. Methods for making the vaccine formulation of the invention are described. Patients may also be treated by pre-administration of the CpG oligonucleotide prior to administration of the HIV antigen.
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