DEEP CONVERSION COMBINING THE DEMETALLIZATION AND THE CONVERSION OF CRUDES, RESIDUES OR HEAVY OILS INTO LIGHT LIQUIDS WITH PURE OR IMPURE OXYGENATED COMPOUNDS

摘要

A process for the conversion of hydrocarbons that are solid or have a highboiling temperature and may be laden with metals, sulfuror sediments, into liquids (gasolines, gas oil, fuels) with the help of a jetof gas properly superheated between 600 and 800°C. The processcomprises preheating a feed (5) in a heater (8) to a temperature below theselected temperature of a reactor (10). This feed is injected byinjectors (4) into the empty reactor (10) (i.e., without catalyst.) The feedis treated with a jet of gas or superheated steam from superheater(2) to activate the feed. The activated products in the feed are allowed tostabilize at the selected temperature and at a selected pressure inthe reactor and are then run through a series of extractors (13) to separateheavy and light hydrocarbons and to demetallize the feed. Usefulproducts appearing in the form of water/hydrocarbon emulsions are generallydemulsified in emulsion breaker (16) to form water laden withdifferent impurities. The light phase containing the final hydrocarbons isheated in heater (98) and is separated into cuts of conventionalproducts, according to the demand for refining by an extractor (18) similar to(13).