METHOD FOR CULTIVATION OF FARM CROPS, PREFERABLY WINTER WHEAT

摘要

FIELD: agriculture, in particular, intensified winter wheat growing process.;SUBSTANCE: method involves harvesting previous crop; distributing non-grain part of yield along width of mown strip; shelling stubble and crop residues; spraying leaf rosettes of perennial dicotyledonous weeds with herbicides; providing early spring cultivation and leveling of field profile; eliminating weedage during May-August period; introducing mineral fertilizers before pre-sowing cultivation procedure; treating seeds; performing drill sowing with spacing width of 15 cm; providing post-harvest rolling and eliminating soil crust; forming moisture-accumulating reservoirs on fallow field specially designated for it, with vertical walls of reservoirs being formed by cutting slits laterally of deltoid; dividing field into three rectangular plots equal in area, with two of plots extending along long axis of symmetry of field and third plot being joined to short sides of said two plots; during late autumn, when air temperature ranges between -3 C and -10 C, providing slitting to 0.40-0.45 m depth with 2.8-5.6 m slit spacing; performing first passage of slitter diagonally of first plot oriented from axis of symmetry of field to its long side, and performing following passages in parallel with first one; providing narrow slits 16-22 m wide and 0.30-0.40 m deep during second decade of May, said slits extending from corner of third plot to intersection point of axis of symmetry and short field side; slitting at a velocity of 12-15 km/hour using wide tillage units having wheeled tractors equipped with widened tires applying pressure no more than 0.65 MPa to soil surface; during mass summer downpour period, cutting water-capturing slits extending diagonally of second plot, said diagonal being oriented from axis of symmetry of field to its long outer side; cutting following slits in parallel with slit cut during first passage. Weedage is eliminated using wide cultivation units having tractors with wheels applying pressure no more than 0.45 MPa to soil surface. Each moisture-accumulating reservoir of large volume comprises at least three equal reservoirs of smaller volume.;EFFECT: increased yield of winter cereals and reduced water and wind erosion.;3 cl, 5 dwg