The present invention relates to a vaccination which reduces the risk to contract melanoma to about half to third and moreover, within a five year period post diagnosis of malignant melanoma the risk to die is reduced to about half as compared to the non-vaccinated individuals. ??Beyond its effect on melanoma, the vaccination of the invention also may have protective effects against some other malignancies such as cancers of bladder, breast, esophagus, and kidney, against sarcomas and lymphomas, and against a multitude of micro-organisms which can induce severe and lethal infections or allergies. ??The present invention relates also to the use the yellow fever vaccine for the prophylactic vaccination against a malignancy, in particular melanoma, to the use of some other licensed vaccinations for the prophylactic vaccination against a malignancy, in particular melanoma, and to new synthetic vaccines which use the identified antigenic motifs.
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