A method for adjusting therapy given to a patient having cancer by diagnosing Fanconi Anemia (FA), and/or predicting bone marrow failure (BMF) or predicting cancer susceptibility in the patient by determining a level of at least one biomarker. In one embodiment the biomarker is at least one of 3-hydroxyisovalerate, acetate, isopropanol, glycerol-3-phosphocholine, choline, histamine, glutamate, alanine, glycine, isoleucine, lysine, phenylalanine, threonine, tyrosine, vitamin A, vitamin D, cholesterol, ketone bodies, acetone, and/or acetoacetate/acetoacetaldehyde. The biomarker level is assessed in a biological sample obtained from the patient, and an altered level of the biomarker, increased or decreased, compared to a family member not having FA or to a healthy control subject, is indicative of FA and/or predictive of BMF and cancer susceptibility. The information is used to adjust the patient's therapy based on the diagnosis of FA and/or prediction of BMF and cancer susceptibility in the patient.
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