It is an object of the present invention to provide a method for identifying the cause of anemia as MDS, and in particular, to provide a method for easily identifying MDS, such as not performing bone marrow puncture or requiring the determination of a hematologist. The solution is a method for detecting an anemia factor of an anemic patient including the following steps 1 and 2; (1) a step 1 of measuring the expression level of ACVR2B in polycytic cells contained in peripheral blood obtained from the patient (2) When the expression level of ACVR2B measured in step 1 is greater than the expression level of ACVR2B in the multiblood cells contained in peripheral blood obtained from healthy subjects, the cause of anemia in the patient is MDS Step 2 to determine.
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