A hydrocarbon synthesis reaction apparatus includes a reactor, and a synthesis gas supply line through which a synthesis gas is supplied to the reactor, and syntheses hydrocarbons by contacting the synthesis gas and the catalyst slurry in the reactor. The hydrocarbon synthesis reaction apparatus includes a spare supply line which is connected to the synthesis gas supply line, and supplies inert gas or hydrogen gas to the reactor through the synthesis gas supply line when supply of the synthesis gas to the synthesis gas supply line from the synthesis gas supply device is stopped, and a fluid heating device which heats at least one of a fluid which flows through a flowing line of the synthesis gas supply line located closer to the reactor than a portion connected with the spare supply line, and a fluid which flows through the spare supply line.
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