The present invention relates to the technical field of virtual reality. Disclosed is a method for modeling and registering a three-dimensional scene structure based on a single image. In the method, a linear feature of an image is analyzed to calibrate a camera; the property of a surface supporting relationship is analyzed by using a classification line, to obtain a preliminary scene structure; the scene structure is optimized through interactive operations of a small quantity of users, to model the scene structure in an entire image; and three-dimensional scene structures in images collected by different cameras are registered into a unified three-dimensional scene by using the linear feature, so as to apply the method to modeling of a large-scale scene structure. According to the present invention, only interactive operations of a small quantity of users are needed to quickly obtain information of a corresponding three-dimensional scene structure, so that not only scene structure modeling integrity can be ensured, but also three-dimensional modeling costs can be effectively reduced, and three-dimensional reconstruction of a large-scale scene structure becomes easier.
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