The present invention relates to a marine search and rescue system utilizing a personal location transponder that is based on a fishing vessel port arrival and departure management system (V-PASS), the marine search and rescue system being characterized by sequentially comprising: a personal location transponder (PLT) (100) carried by a user on the sea; a fishing vessel port arrival and departure management system (V-PASS) (10), which is installed in a fishing vessel, and receives and transmits signals sent from the personal location transponder (100); a base station (3) including a transceiving antenna for receiving and relaying signals amplified and sent from the fishing vessel port arrival and departure management system (V‑PASS) (10); and a distress information center (5) that transmits and receives signal information to and from the base station, wherein the signal sent from the personal location transponder is amplified in steps and provided to the distress information center (5) installed on land, thereby allowing an emergency rescue signal (SOS) sent by the user to be quickly confirmed and a rescue operation to be quickly executed.
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