METHOD FOR COOLING A LIQUID MEDIUM BY DISRUPTION OF CONTINUITY

摘要

The invention relates to methods for acting on a liquid medium using cavitation, and can be used in various technical fields for the purpose of cooling a liquid medium. The method can be used for various types of liquids, including polluted, due to insensitivity to the liquid medium quality. In the present cooling method, the phenomenon of cavitation is induced in a liquid, and conditions are created for the floating up and growth of cavitation bubbles and for evaporation of liquid medium vapour inward the cavitation bubbles. In a non-moving liquid medium, cavitation is induced in a near-surface layer of the liquid using an acoustic, ultrasonic or hydrodynamic effect; in a directed stream of liquid medium, cavitation is induced as a result of the liquid flowing over the surface of contoured solid bodies placed in the liquid medium. In a non-moving liquid medium, the pressure of the vapour above the surface of the liquid medium is altered in a pulsed manner by means of closing and opening of a vapour discharge pipe using an interrupter valve. In a directed flow of liquid medium, a gas is introduced from outside to cavitation bubbles at the point at which the pressure in the bubbles is at its lowest. In case of a rotating liquid medium, due to rotation of a closed container filled with the liquid, balanced relative to the rotation axis and having a central perforated pipe with low heat conduction, a vacuum cavitation pocket is formed along the rotation axis, and liquid medium is evaporated intensely inward the pipe due to depression. Vapour is discharged from the container using two valves - an inlet valve and an outlet valve. The inlet valve is opened at an appropriate preset pressure drop in the cavitation pocket to admit the liquid medium. Vapour discharge from the container is provided by opening the outlet valve that takes place with a delay after opening the inlet valve as a result of a hydrodynamic impact of the incoming flow. The theoretical limit to which a liquid medium can be cooled by the method according to the invention is the temperature of the liquid medium freezing at a given pressure. The proposed cooling method is saving from the standpoint of energy supplied.