Problem: To provide a multi-layer culture vessel observation system, a carriage device and a multi-layer culture vessel observation device, with which it is possible for an operator to easily observe a to-be-observed object in a multi-layer culture vessel. Solution: A multi-layer culture vessel observation system comprising: a movable carriage device 20 in which a multi-layer culture vessel 30 having a plurality of built-in trays is installed; and an observation device 10 which allows a to-be-observed object in the trays of the multi-layer culture vessel 30 to be observed, wherein: the carriage device 20 includes a frame comprising a side surface exposure part which exposes, from top to bottom, two side surfaces faced by the multi-layer culture vessel 30; the observation device 10 includes an accommodation part 14 which accommodates the carriage device 20 with the multi-layer culture vessel 30 installed therein, and an image pick-up device 11 which comprises an optical system and outputs an image formed by said optical system; and when the carriage device 20 in which the multi-layer culture vessel 30 is installed is accommodated in the accommodation part 14, the side surface exposure part is positioned on the optical axis of the image pick-up device 11.
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