A multi-layer culture vessel observation system, a cart device, and a multi-layer culture vessel observation device that enable an operator to easily observe objects to be observed in a multi-layer culture vessel are provided. A multi-layer culture vessel observation system includes: a cart device 20 capable of carrying a multi-layer culture vessel 30 that includes a plurality of trays and moving; and an observation device 10 capable of observing objects to be observed in each tray in the multi-layer culture vessel 30, wherein the cart device 20 includes a frame body including a sideways exposure part that exposes two side faces of the multi-layer culture vessel 30 from an upper end to a lower end, wherein the observation device 10 includes: a storage 14 that stores the cart device 20 in a state of carrying the multi-layer culture vessel 30; and an imaging device 11 that includes an optical system and outputs an image formed by the optical system, and wherein, when the cart device 20 carrying the multi-layer culture vessel 30 is stored in the storage 14, the sideways exposure part is located on an optical axis of the imaging device 11.
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