Provided by the present invention are a desulfurization wastewater treatment system and a desulfurization wastewater treatment method, which are applied to a coal-fired power plant. Flue gas generated by the coal-fired power plant is sequentially introduced into a denitration device, an air preheater, a dust collector and a wet desulfurization absorption tower by means of a flue gas main pipe and is then discharged to the outside. The flue gas main pipe comprises a first side pipe and a second side pipe. The temperature of the flue gas in the first side pipe is higher than that of the flue gas in the second side pipe. The desulfurization wastewater treatment system comprises: a preliminary sedimentation tank connected to a water outlet of the wet desulfurization absorption tower; a concentration tower, wherein a water inlet of the concentration tower is connected to a water outlet of the preliminary sedimentation tank, and an air inlet of the concentration tower is connected to the second side pipe and used for concentrating desulfurization wastewater by using the flue gas in the second side pipe; and an evaporator, a water inlet of the evaporator being connected to the water outlet of the concentration tower, and an air inlet of the evaporator being connected to the first side pipe and used to evaporate and dry the concentrated desulfurization wastewater by using the flue gas in the first side pipe. The embodiments of the present invention may reduce the cost of treating desulfurization wastewater.
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