A system for transparent display and quantitative characterization of an internal stress field of a complicated structure, comprising: a plane strain test model (101), two plane strain baffles (102), a dual-axis synchronous plane loading test machine (103), a controller (104), and a processor (105). A complicated structure is embedded in the plane strain test model (101); the two plane strain baffles (102) are used for fixing the plane strain test model (101) and are clamped in the dual-axis synchronous plane loading test machine (103); the controller (104) controls the dual-axis synchronous plane loading test machine (103) to work, applies an end pressure to the plane strain test model (101), and separately obtains isoclinic line and isochromatic line fringe patterns of the plane strain test model (101) by combining a phase-shift method; the processor (105) obtains a full field main stress difference and a shear stress distribution on the basis of the fringe patterns, and obtains a full field stress distribution of the plane strain test model (101) by using a stress separation means. A stress field distribution rule of a complicated structure in a plane strain condition can be quantitatively characterized in an accurate, quick, economical, and intuitive manner.
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