The present invention relates to a pharmaceutical composition for preventing or treating inflammatory diseases, or a health functional food composition for preventing or alleviating inflammatory diseases, which comprises an extract of Taxillus yadoriki. In addition, the present invention relates to an anti-inflammatory cosmetic composition comprising an extract of Taxillus yadoriki. Accordingly, the present invention may provide an anti-inflammatory agent which comprises an extract obtained from a natural plant material, Taxillus yadoriki, thereby showing fewer adverse side effects than existing synthetic anti-inflammatory agents. In particular, the present invention significantly reduces the expression of proinflammatory mediators or inflammatory cytokines, and thus is effective as a composition for preventing, alleviating, or treating inflammatory diseases or an anti-inflammatory cosmetic composition.
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