The subject of the invention is a binder comprising: - at least one raw clay comprising at least one clay mineral, the total weight content of clay mineral ranging from 1 to 60% relative to the weight of binder, - at least one calcareous filler or dolomitic, at least one water retaining agent, - at least one additive chosen from flocculating agents, water-repellent agents, latexes and hydraulic binders, provided that, when the binder comprises a hydraulic binder, the total weight content of hydraulic binder is less than the total weight content of clay mineral.
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