The invention relates to a process for refining a pyrolysis bio-oil with a view to its recovery, in particular as a fuel oil substitute. This process comprises at least the following successive stages: a) supply of the bio-oil or of a viscous phase resulting from a demixing of the bio-oil into an aqueous phase A1 and a viscous phase, the bio-oil or the viscous phase comprising a water content at most equal to 30% by mass; b) treatment of the bio-oil or the viscous phase at a temperature of 250-350 ° C. and under a pressure of 10-20 MPa, in the presence of a solvent, the solvent representing at least 30% by mass of the mass of the medium formed by the solvent and the bio-oil or of the medium formed by the solvent and the viscous phase, whereby a gaseous phase is obtained, a recoverable aqueous phase A2 and a suspension suitable for being used as a fuel oil substitute either after a shaping allowing to transform it into a solid biofuel or after a solid / liquid separation allowing to transform it into a solid biofuel and into a liquid biofuel.
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