L'apparition des centres proto-urbains et urbains chez les Slaves orientaux : état des recherches

摘要

Recent archaeological research has revealed the appearance among the eastern Slavs, in the VlIIth-Xth centuries, of two types of proto-urban dwellings : tribal centres (for instance Revno, Polotsk, Dobrinovcy and Izborsk) and emporia (Ladoga, Timirevo and Gnezdovo). The former, by far the most numerous, result from the internal evolution of the slav society. The entrance of eastern Europe in the international exchange System explains the formation of the later. They are, indeed, large commercial trading posts, where the presence of alien elements, some scandinavian, is noted. The emporia will disappear during the Xth century, with the alteration of the great commercial routes.