Protestant Space-Continuity. Architectural–Structural–Liturgical Coherences of the Hungarian Protestant Church Architecture in the 20th Century

摘要

Intensive efforts started in the last decades to get to know udthe Central and Eastern European and the Hungarian church udarchitecture. In this historically depressed period (1920–1945–ud1989), church buildings were important identity forming udpotencies in the life of the Protestant communities newly udemerged by the rearrangement of country's borders and the udurbanization of the peripheries of the cities. The modern udarchitectural principles and the structural and liturgical udquestions gave opportunity for continuous experimentations in udthe examined period, which resulted a centralizing tendency – udbasically with origins from L. Ch. Sturm and O. Bartning – udbetween the two world wars. Analysing the Protestant space udorganization, it is verifiable that these centralizing udtendencies with identification character did not pull out from udthe de-emphasizing church architecture in spite of the udhistorical–political events of World War II., but they were udrealized in new Protestant church plans after the change of the udregime, as a matured, new church type based on traditions. The udprimary importance of the study is the holistic examination of udthe Protestant church architecture of the 20th century: it udtries to show the interwar centralizing tendencies and the udcontinuing space approach of ‘80s. In Protestant church udarchitecture, modern architecture with its puritan, industrial udaesthetics was realised relatively late, compared to Catholic udchurches, and it became legitimate by strongly structural udorientating appearing from the mid-70s. Our research shows udthrough some examples that the space structure continuity can udbe understood in relation with the questions of style and the udappearance and spread of modernism. All of this is in udconnection with the centralizing plan forming, which is the udmost obvious symbolical visualizing effect of the community. udThe study shows the Protestant church activity of the period udthrough the two most significant denominations – the Calvinist udand the Lutheran church architecture –, thereby providing a udtypological approach.