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Electricity price forecasting accounting for renewable energies: optimal combined forecasts

机译:可再生能源的电价预测:最佳组合预测

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摘要

Electricity price forecasting is an interesting problem for all the agents involved in electricity market operation. Forudinstance, every profit maximisation strategy is based on the computation of accurate one-day-ahead forecasts, which is why electricity price forecasting has been a growing field of research in recent years. In addition, the increasing concern about environmental issues has led to a high penetration of renewable energies, particularly wind. In some European countries such as Spain, Germany and Denmark, renewable energy is having a deep impact on the local power markets. In this paper, we propose an optimal model from the perspective of forecasting accuracy, and it consists of a combination of several univariate and multivariate time series methods that account for the amount of energy produced with clean energies, particularly wind and hydro, which are the most relevant renewable energy sources in the Iberian Market. This market is used to illustrate the proposed methodology, as it is one of those markets in which wind power production is more relevant in terms of its percentage of the total demand, but of course our method can be applied to any other liberalised power market. As far as our contribution is concerned, first, the methodology proposed by García-Martos et al(2007 and 2012) is generalised twofold: we allow the incorporation of wind power production and hydro reservoirs, and we do not impose the restriction of using the same model for 24h. A computational experiment and a Design of Experiments (DOE) are performed for this purpose. Then, for those hours in which there are two or more models without statistically significant differences in terms of their forecasting accuracy, a combination of forecasts is proposed by weighting the best models(according to the DOE) and minimising the Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE). The MAPE is the most popular accuracy metric for comparing electricity price forecasting models. We construct the combiudnation of forecasts by solving several nonlinear optimisation problems that allow computation of the optimal weights for building the combination of forecasts. The results are obtained by a large computational experiment that entails calculating out-of-sample forecasts for every hour in every day in the period from January 2007 to Decemudber 2009. In addition, to reinforce the value of our methodology, we compare our results with those that appear in recent published works in the field. This comparison shows the superiority of our methodology in terms of forecasting accuracy.
机译:对于所有参与电力市场运营的代理商来说,电价预测是一个有趣的问题。例如,每种利润最大化策略都是基于对准确的提前一天的预测的计算,这就是为什么电价预测成为近年来研究领域日益增长的原因。此外,对环境问题的日益关注导致可再生能源,尤其是风能的高渗透率。在一些欧洲国家,例如西班牙,德国和丹麦,可再生能源对当地电力市场产生了深远的影响。在本文中,我们从预测准确性的角度提出了一个最优模型,它由几种单变量和多变量时间序列方法的组合组成,这些方法考虑了清洁能源(尤其是风能和水能)产生的能量。伊比利亚市场上最相关的可再生能源。该市场用于说明所建议的方法,因为它是其中风能生产占总需求百分比更相关的那些市场之一,但是我们的方法当然可以应用于任何其他自由化的电力市场。就我们的贡献而言,首先,García-Martos等人(2007年和2012年)提出的方法被概括为两个方面:我们允许将风力发电和水库合并,并且我们不施加限制使用相同型号持续24小时。为此,执行了计算实验和实验设计(DOE)。然后,对于其中两个或更多个模型的预测准确性在统计上没有显着差异的小时,通过加权最佳模型(根据DOE)并最小化平均绝对百分比误差(MAPE)来提出组合预测)。 MAPE是用于比较电价预测模型的最流行的精度指标。我们通过解决几个非线性优化问题来构建预测的组合,这些非线性优化问题允许计算用于构建预测组合的最佳权重。结果是通过大型计算实验获得的,该实验需要计算2007年1月至2009年12月 2009年12月的每一天每一小时的样本外预测。此外,为了增强我们方法的价值,我们比较了我们的方法结果与该领域最近发表的作品中出现的结果一致。这种比较显示了我们的方法在预测准确性方面的优势。

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