Entre formalisation et déconstruction: état de l'art critique de l'application documentaire des ontologies et folksonomies dans le domaine de l'indexation du patrimoine culturel

摘要

Facilitating the access to our digital cultural heritage is one of the biggest challenges for the moment within the domain of museums, archives and libraries. The development of ontologies which would formalize the relations between cultural ressources, creators, places and time of production could offer new exciting possibilities. However, if the development of a thesaurus is already highly problematic for most cultural institutions, is the idea of implementing ontologies not all to ambitious ? Independant of the academic research on ontologies, another new approach regarding the indexing of digital documents has risen, under the name of social tagging or folksonomies. This form of uncontrolled indexing by the user community emerged from the blogosphere, but has recently been implemented within collection management systems of certain museums and libraries. But what is exactly the added-value of folksonomies and do they really offer a more democratic access to our heritage ?