China: Strategies for Reducing Poverty in the 1990s

摘要

The report provides an analysis of the incidence of absolute poverty in China during the 1978-90 reform period and proposes macroeconomic and sectoral strategies necessary to further reductions of poverty in the 1990s. The macroeconomic developments which helped determine the reduction of poverty during 1978-84, and its stagnation thereafter, are reviewed. Trends in labor supply and demand during 1978-90 and expected during the 1990s are examined. Strategies for augmenting labor mobility, rural enterprise development, and agricultural productivity in the uplands are also explored. Education, health and relief services in the poor areas are discussed. Financial support for these services during the 1980s is analyzed, and a program to bolster education and health in the poor areas during the 1990s is proposed. The government's poverty alleviation programs during the 1980s are described and evaluated.