Economic Evaluation of Solar Energy Systems in Commercial Buildings: Methodology and Case Studies

摘要

This report develops a comprehensive economic optimization model for evaluating the economic feasibility of active solar energy systems to provide service hot water and combined space heating/service hot water in commercial buildings. The model is demonstrated in a number of case studies for office buildings and retail stores. Data and assumptions for use in the model are compiled for the selected case studies. Using these data, the model is applied to estimate present value net savings (or net losses) of the solar energy systems over a 20-year life cycle. Break-even values for hot water loads, solar energy system costs, and current and future energy prices are also calculated to determine the minimum conditions under which the solar energy systems become cost effective for the selected buildings. Economic optimization paths which show the optimal solar collector areas and the corresponding present value of net savings (or net losses) associated with a range of hot water loads are developed in the case studies. Sensitivity analysis is conducted for key variables. The relationship between total live-cycle costs and the solar fraction is tested for selected cities to demonstrate how net savings (net losses) change as the solar fraction is increased.