Effects of confinement, social isolation and diurnal disruption on crew adjustment and performance in long duration space missions

摘要

The purpose of this paper was to present an initial limited review of the stress literature as it relates to space travel. Using Ivancevich and Matteson's model to organize selected references, dozens of potential issues were raised that may merit attention in long duration space travel. Perhaps an equally important review should focus primarily on the link between the astronauts and the entire ground support organization. Another important set of topics for review in the future would be family issues and the duration between space flights. It is during this time when many key decisions are made about continued employment; when astronauts undergo weeks of tedious training; when critical selection decisions are made; when groups of entirely different psychological make-up are forced to work closely; and when the realization sets in about the real perils of space flight and extended separation. The section on stress management is purposefully short. It is sufficient to suggest that numerous techniques have been proven to help reduce stress, and that many professionals have the skills to help address each issue that has been mentioned in this review. It seems important that some considerable devotion of time should be given to this very topic. The thrill of adventure will not be enough to sustain our astronauts during the length of time necessary to successfully complete our longer space operations. Stress and its effects will be apparent and potentially quite costly. Efforts must be made to prevent and provide techniques for stress reduction and management.