Fixed-Base Flywheel Storage Systems for Electric-Utility Applications: An Assessment of Economic Viability and R and D Priorities

摘要

In this study, electric utility-side meter storage options were assessed for the daily 2-h peaking spike application. The storage options considered included compressed air, batteries, and flywheels. The purpose of the study was to assess the potential role for flywheels in this application and to establish research and development (R and D) priorities for fixed-base flywheel systems. Results of the present-worth cost analysis indicate that where geologic conditions are favorable, compressed air energy storage (CAES) is a strong competitor against combustion turbines. Existing battery and flywheel systems rated about equal, both being, at best, marginally uncompetitive with turbines. Advanced batteries, if existing cost and performance goals are met, could be competitive with CAES. A three-task R and D effort for flywheel development appears warranted. The first task, directed at reducing fabrication costs and increasing performance of a chopped fiber, E-glass, solid disk concept, could produce a competitive flywheel system. A second task, directed at S-glass and Kevlar materials, would involve innovations that would permit anisotropic materials (such as Kevlar) to be used in isotropic wheel designs. The third task would be to develop replacements for S-glass and Kevlar that are 30 and 50%, respectively, less costly. The results of this study indicate that a competitive flywheel system for the utility 2-h peaking spike application is possible. It can likely be achieved in the near-term through improvements in an existing design. Potentially less expensive systems are also possible via the successful completion of generic fabrication and materials R and D programs. (ERA citation 08:017969)