Dynamics of magma transport and eruption processes: An overview of recent developments.

摘要

The transport of magma in the Earth's crust and its eruption onto the surface can be strongly affected by seemingly subtle details of mass and heat transfer that are often overlooked. In particular, model calculations indicate that the multiphase nature of magma will exert a significant influence. The dynamics of flowing magma may be further enriched by chemical heterogeneity. A variety of studies indicate that a heterogeneous magma can be self-lubricating if viscous segregation of its components occurs. Subtle modifications of dike geometry and boundary conditions can also significantly affect magma transport in thermally unfavorable regimes. Nearer to the surface, changes with time in the permeability of vent boundaries that control leakage of the vapor phase have been linked to the normal progression from explosive, ash producing events to more effusive ones that form lava domes. In this review we attempt to integrate a variety of effects into a coherent view of magma transport and eruption. 16 refs., 8 figs.