Theory of State Behavior under Threat: The Tragedy of Domestic Realism

摘要

This thesis introduces the theory of domestic realism to explain and predict state behavior under threat. The formulation of the theory relies on a dual track approach. The first is eclectic and deductive; this track utilizes concepts from diverse fields, especially from International Relations theory, to build the theory. The second track is inductive and illustrates the theory by introducing four case studies. Domestic realism holds that the behavior of states, its institutions and its citizens responsible for security, under perceived high threats is marked by aberrations that starkly depart from their espoused norms, laws, and values. The prime concern for security and self preservation trumps all other legal constraints and ethical considerations. In spite of its tragic and unsettling nature, it behooves us to accept the domestic realism notion that aberrations in behavior are inevitable in the face of looming threats. Only through increased awareness can we inoculate and educate leaders at different levels to account for the manifestations of domestic realism as they formulate and implement policies, and to prompt them to be proactive and to incorporate mechanisms for oversight and accountability in order to counter or at least mitigate potential excesses.