Civil War Experiences of General Quincy Adams Gillmore: The Challenges of Transitioning from the Tactical to the Operational Level of Command

摘要

A leader's transition from the tactical to operational level of command has challenged military commanders throughout history. Some leaders are very successful at making the transition, while others encounter difficulty. Understanding the commonalities and differences in leadership at these two levels of command is helpful toward preparing our leaders to understand and succeed at both levels. Union Army General Quincy Adams Gillmore provides an excellent case study for comparison of tactical level versus operational level command. Gillmore experienced success in tactical engagements, but he was challenged when required to lead a military campaign. Gillmore's 1863 campaign against the Confederates defending Charleston provides an interesting case in operational-level leadership, especially when analyzed against his education, military background, and tactical command experiences. This monograph explores General Gillmore's early life through to his command of the campaign against Charleston. First, it examines Gillmore's educational background and provides a brief overview of his military career. Second, it examines two of Gillmore's most significant tactical experiences, which occurred at Fort Pulaski and the Battle of Somerset. Gillmore's tactical performance in each of these campaigns is assessed using the following questions: Did General Gillmore accomplish his directed task and purpose; Did he understand the capabilities and intentions of the enemy in relation to the terrain; and How did he operate in light of these factors. Third, the monograph analyzes Gillmore's performance in the Charleston campaign. Finally, the monograph searches for links between Gillmore's tactical-level and operational-level experiences. The author concludes that General Gillmore's tactical experiences limited his ability to perform at the operational level of command.