Some Philosophical Problems from the Standpoint of Artificial Intelligence

摘要

A computer program capable of acting intelligently in the world must have a general representation of the world in terms of which its inputs are interpreted. Designing such a program requires commitments about what knowledge is and how it is obtained. Thus some of the major traditional problems of philosophy arise in artificial intelligence. The first part of the paper begins with a philosophical point of view that seems to arise naturally once we take seriously the idea of actually making an intelligent machine. A proposed resolution of the problem of freewill in a deterministic universe and of counterfactual conditional sentences is presented. The second part is mainly concerned with formalisms within which it can be proved that a strategy will achieve a goal. A method is given of constructing a sentence of first order logic which will be true in all models of certain axioms if and only if a certain strategy will achieve a certain goal. (Author)