Motivation, Satisfaction, and Morale in Army Careers: A Review of Theory and Measurement.

摘要

This report reviews and relates to each other the major concepts and theories that differentiate and define the constructs of motivation, satisfaction, and morale; it also describes and summarizes the potentialities of the instruments and methods for measuring these concepts. Discussion is focused on those theories and instruments most likely to be usefully applied in the context of the Army. Concepts of motivation are divided into content theories--which answer 'What is it that motivates people'--and the expectancy and equity process theories which answer 'How do environmental factors and individual needs determine behavior.' Job satisfaction is conceptualized in terms of need fulfillment, equity, and frame of reference models. Morale is so complex that it may be best conceptualized in terms of its components than as a single global construct. A number of practical implications for action are derived from the theories.