Solvent Acidity and Basicity in Polar Media and their Role in Solvation.

摘要

The acidic and basic properties of polar solvents are reviewed with attention focussed on appropriate scales for estimating these important solvent parameters. It is shown that acidity and basicity scales can be related to the parameters arising in the mean spherical approximation for the Gibbs solvation energy of monoatomic cations and anions in polar solvents. Linear solvation energy relationships are used to analyze data for the Gibbs solvation energy of 1-1 electrolytes, the standard potentials of simple electrode reactions, and the solvent induced frequency shifts in the vibrational spectra of polar solutes. It is shown that, not only are solvent acidity and basicity important, but that macroscopic properties based on the solvents permittivity and refractive index also play a role in determining solvent effects.