Structuring policy problems for plastics,the environment and human health:reflections from the UK

摘要

Delta Partnership, Central Hall Westminster, Storey's Gate, London SW1H 9NH, UKHow can we strengthen the science–policy interface for plastics, the environment and humanhealth? In a complex policy area with multiple stakeholders, it is important to clarify the natureof the particular plastics-related issue before trying to understand how to reconcile the supplyand demand for evidence in policy. This article proposes a simple problem typology to assess thefundamental characteristics of a policy issue and thus identify appropriate processes for science–policy interactions. This is illustrated with two case studies from one UK GovernmentDepartment, showing how policy and science meet over the environmental problems of plasticswaste in the marine environment and on land. A problem-structuring methodology helps us under-stand why some policy issues can be addressed through relatively linear flows of science from expertsto policymakers but why others demand a more reflexive approach to brokering the knowledgebetween science and policy. Suggestions are given at the end of the article for practical actionsthat can be taken on both sides.